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Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States, rose to prominence after the assassination of President James A. Garfield. Initially seen as a product of political patronage, Arthur surprised critics by embracing reform. His administration is best known for enacting the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which introduced merit-based hiring practices in federal employment. Arthur modernized the Navy and sought to improve immigration laws, reflecting his pragmatic leadership. Though he earned respect for his presidency, Arthur’s health declined during his term, and he did not seek re-election.
